Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Marketing - Essay Example 3). E-commerce sites such as Amazon and Play.com are also sources of competitive threat as they provide the facilities for online purchasing. In online purchasing, the consumers have many of the same advantages when it comes to music downloading. Online purchasing offers greater ease of searching and convenience and the consumers can sample the products and read reviews. Online retailers also have the ability to offer a wider selection of titles than it is possible for a high street store like HMV. HMV has a solid platform from which to launch its new drive. As mentioned before, it has a high brand equity in the market. Therefore any initiatives are likely to be welcomed by the market as the consumers have trust in the brand (Kotter & Schlesinger, 2008, p. 138). The management of the company needs to formulate strategies which address the competitive threats from three sources: downloading, online purchasing and supermarkets. The supermarkets which are competing for the same market s hare are Asda, Tesco and Sainsbury. The management of HMV needs to consider the strengths of the competitors and formulate alternative strategies accordingly (Pearlson & Saunders, 2005, p. 19, Wang & Rode, 2010, p. 9). Therefore an industry analysis should be conducted (Pascale & Sternin, 2005, p. 73). The threat of new entrants is minimal because of the high competition. The threat of substitute products comes from online. These two threats combine to create a high threat of competitive rivalry. Buyers do have high bargaining power given the wide choice from online. For the same reasons the artists who provide the content have high bargaining power. Alternative strategic options According to Michael Porter’s theoretical model for strategy formulation, an organization has three competitive strategies available: cost minimization, differentiation and quick focus (Gosling & Mintzberg, 2004, p. 55). In the present context, differentiation is a viable option for HMV. The music an d entertainment retailing company can arrange to maintain a diverse product selection, thus reducing the competitive threat from online companies which are eroding the attractiveness of HMV’s business model by offering a wide selection of titles. Diverse product categories will also help to attract a greater number of market segments, thus enhancing the company’s market exposure (Winfield & Hay, 1997, p. 55). For example, HMV could increase the range of portable digital products. As the popularity of online purchasing grows, so will the demand for portable digital technology. The range of games hardware and software can also be expanded. Nintendo technology has taken the market by storm. Therefore products in this category should be emphasized upon in implementing the differentiation strategy. The pricing structure could be changed to increase demand. HMV is facing competitive pressure from music downloading because downloading facilitates lower prices. However in modi fying the prices, HMV should not forget about maintaining its brand image. If the prices were too low, then it would begin to affect its brand image as the consumers would start to suspect the quality of the products which are priced at such a low level. In pricing its products, HMV has five strategies: skimming pricing, competition pricing, psychological pricing, premium pricing and cost-based pricing (Teece, Pisano & Shuen, 1997, p. 510, Ross & Perry, 2002, p. 121). If HMV were to implement the pricing option, then it would

Compare Gothic Architecture and Troubadour Poetry Essay Example for Free

Compare Gothic Architecture and Troubadour Poetry Essay Europe had alot of cultural diversity. Gothic Architecture and Troubadour poetry can be compared geographically by their first settings; compared artistically by man expressing himself; and culturally contrasted because of associated religion. Both Gothic architecture and Troubador poetry can be compared because of their settings. It can be shown that Gothic Architecture can be compared because gothic cathedrals popped up in France during the Middle Ages. Its further told that Troubadour Poetry can be compared because the Troubadours emerged in southern France, and the poets were in the Middle Ages too. Both Gothic Architecture and Troubadour Poetry can be compared because of man expressing himself. It can be explained that Gothic Architecture can be compared because it was a way to show the power and clarity that the Catholic Church had over its subject with its insane height. This is further argued that troubadour poetry can be compared because it idealized their perception of romantic, courtly love through words. Gothic Architecture was a catholic characteristic. On the other hand, Troubador Poetry was not with the catholic beliefs. The contrast with the Gothic Architecture can be defended because the distinct features of it was on cathedrals . The contrast with Troubadour Poetry is justified because it was from a gnostic christian group, called the Cathars, who rivaled against against and were suppressed by the Catholic Church. The Gothic Architecture and Troubadour Poetry both have the same setting and the need for expression through a medium, but differ in religious association.

Political Parties in the United States Essay -- Papers USA Government

Political Parties in the United States When the founders of the American republic wrote the U.S. Constitution in 1787, they did not envision a role for political parties in the governmental order. Indeed, they sought through various constitutional arrangements such as separation of powers, checks and balances, and indirect election of the president by an electoral college to insulate the new republic from political parties and factions. In spite of the founders' intentions, the United States was the first nation to develop parties organized on a national basis and to transfer executive power from one faction to another via an election in 1800. THE EMERGENCE AND PERVASIVENESS OF POLITICAL PARTIES The development of political parties was closely linked to the extension of the suffrage as qualifications requiring property ownership to vote were lifted during the early 1800s. With a vastly expanded electorate, a means was required to mobilize masses of voters. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Thus parties in America emerged as a part of this democratic revolution, and by the 1830s were a firmly established part of the political firmament. Today, the Republican and Democratic parties totally pervade the political process. Approximately two-thirds of Americans consider themselves either Republicans or Democrats, and even those who say that they are independents normally have partisan leanings and exhibit high levels of partisan loyalty. For example, on average 75 percent of independents who "leaned" either toward the Republicans or the Democrats voted for their preferred party's presidential candidate in the five presidential elections held between 1980 and 1996. The p... ...n of "protest" voting for third-party candidates. Gallup polls revealed that in 1992, 5 percent of Perot's voters said they would not vote for him if they thought he could win. Third parties and independent candidates also face a potentially daunting postelection problem in the event they are successful in winning the presidency. This, of course, is the problem of governing — staffing an administration and then working with a Congress dominated by Republicans and Democrats who would have only limited incentives to cooperate with a non-major-party president. John F. Bibby is a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and is the former chairman of the American Political Science Association's political parties subfield. An authority on U.S. politics and government, Bibby has authored Politics, Parties, and Elections in America. Political Parties in the United States Essay -- Papers USA Government Political Parties in the United States When the founders of the American republic wrote the U.S. Constitution in 1787, they did not envision a role for political parties in the governmental order. Indeed, they sought through various constitutional arrangements such as separation of powers, checks and balances, and indirect election of the president by an electoral college to insulate the new republic from political parties and factions. In spite of the founders' intentions, the United States was the first nation to develop parties organized on a national basis and to transfer executive power from one faction to another via an election in 1800. THE EMERGENCE AND PERVASIVENESS OF POLITICAL PARTIES The development of political parties was closely linked to the extension of the suffrage as qualifications requiring property ownership to vote were lifted during the early 1800s. With a vastly expanded electorate, a means was required to mobilize masses of voters. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Thus parties in America emerged as a part of this democratic revolution, and by the 1830s were a firmly established part of the political firmament. Today, the Republican and Democratic parties totally pervade the political process. Approximately two-thirds of Americans consider themselves either Republicans or Democrats, and even those who say that they are independents normally have partisan leanings and exhibit high levels of partisan loyalty. For example, on average 75 percent of independents who "leaned" either toward the Republicans or the Democrats voted for their preferred party's presidential candidate in the five presidential elections held between 1980 and 1996. The p... ...n of "protest" voting for third-party candidates. Gallup polls revealed that in 1992, 5 percent of Perot's voters said they would not vote for him if they thought he could win. Third parties and independent candidates also face a potentially daunting postelection problem in the event they are successful in winning the presidency. This, of course, is the problem of governing — staffing an administration and then working with a Congress dominated by Republicans and Democrats who would have only limited incentives to cooperate with a non-major-party president. John F. Bibby is a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and is the former chairman of the American Political Science Association's political parties subfield. An authority on U.S. politics and government, Bibby has authored Politics, Parties, and Elections in America.

Eastern and Western Philosophy Comparison Essay

Philosophy has divided into two separate categories, the Eastern philosophy, and Western Philosophy. The Eastern philosophies are mainly consists of the Asian philosophies such as: the Hinduism and Buddhism in India (McGraw & Hill, 2008). Taoism, Confucianism, and Ch’an Buddhism in China, and Zen Buddhism and Samurai tradition in Japan (McGraw & Hill 2008). The Eastern philosopher, I believed that Mohandas K. Gandhi, Mohandas was better known as Gandhi. Gandhi made good compelling arguments for his ideas (McGraw & Hill, 2008). Gandhi, known for his nonviolence to help the political freedom for India and for striving to instill a sense of self-respect in all human being (McGraw & Hill, 2008). Hinduism life was for humans to live every day, ordinary consciousness to the contemplation of the divine Being (McGraw & Hill, 2008). Gandhi tried to make these traditional values of Hinduism available to all (McGraw & Hill, 2008). Gandhi main idea for the use of non-violent help civil disobedience. This idea not only help India get their political freedom, but it help inspire movement for freedom and civil rights movement around the world like the American Civil Rights Movement led by the non-violent activists Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The Western philosopher that I felt Rene Descartes made the most compelling argument. Descartes believed that he could prove to himself that objects exists outside the mind (McGraw & Hill, 2008). He also set to prove that God exists also. Descartes came up with three reasons to prove Gods existence. The Second proof that he came up with he stated,† I exists as a thing that has an idea† (McGraw & Hill, 2008). He also concluded with the second proof that means that God has to exists. Mohandas K. Gandhi, the eastern philosopher, and the western philosopher, Rene Descartes are similar because they believe in Gods existence. The difference is that Gandi was to teach that Hinduism life was for every day humans to live according to the Divine Being (God). Descartes had to prove that god exists by having three reasons, and by all of the three of the proof, â€Å" he concluded that if he exists as a thing that has an idea of God, therefore  God exists† (McGraw & Hill, 200 8). I have to agree with Descartes, because he set out to prove God existence, and not to say without any prove that he does not exists. The argument that he made was logical, because he gave some evidence to back up his argument. I think the same way as he did, because how do things exists for a reason and it has to exists because of someone and not an idea.

Pop Culture Essay

Throughout, history popular culture has been a common factor in everyday life. The identity of popular culture is seen through many elements of art. It was derived from artifacts and styles of human expressions developed from the creativity of ordinary people, and circulate among people according to their interests, preferences, and tastes. For example, music, fashion, people, stereotypes, and social rituals all play a role in the development of what is known today as pop culture society. These elements have shape society to behave and think a certain way, all in which are seen to have a more negative impact to the public rather than promote positive influences. Moreover, we will examine three main elements of popular culture that affect the American culture on a day to day basis. â€Å"Stereotypes, social rituals, and arts are all elements of popular culture that have been adopted and appeals to large masses of people, normally the middle class citizens† . Thus, popular culture comes from people; it is not just given to them. This perspective tears away at distinctions typically made between producers and consumers of cultural material. According to Webster stereotypes are oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment. For example, â€Å"people develop conceptions about certain groups of people because of what we see on television and use these generalizations in everyday life, such as Gender and where the media portrays ones masculinity and femininity† 2. Stereotypes can be seen with real or imaginary people or objects. For example, real icons such as expensive cars can be portrayed as a person being wealthy with luxury. Imaginary icons are things such as Bat mobiles or spaceships that are seen as a â€Å"warp speeding icon expressing in truly magical ways- faster than light travel, to demonstrate power beyond discovery† 3. Other real or imaginary stereotypes are heroes. For instances, Martin Luther King Jr. is a known for leading many Americans to freedom from slavery and racism. On the hand, Superman is an imaginary hero that saves the world from danger. These stereotypes have shaped America’s beliefs to be based on judgments of their own opinions as opposed to the truth. Social Rituals consist of â€Å"highly patterned symbolic events in which we all participate as a way of marking important passages in our individual lives or in society as a whole† 4. For example, holidays such as Christmas which is only celebrated by some who believe in decorating and exchanging gifts for the birth of Jesus Christ. However, others prefer not to engage in certain holidays or activities. Moreover, rituals integrate with heroes and icons that are built from a base structure of hierarchy. For example, voting is a common social ritual that plays a significant role in many American’s life. After voting, many constituency wear clothing to symbolize their heroic effort or support for the candidate they endorsed. Art is one the largest rooms of pop culture with a vast and diverse amount of subdivisions. Art includes; magazines, movies, television, recordings, comic books and others. Art correlates with all forms of pop culture and its affects with society. For example, books discuss heroes, icons, stereotypes, people, myth, beliefs and values. All of these elements interact with one another and result in moving to another room that leads to other possibly subcategories. Thus, arts are group together based upon shared characteristics which are known to both popular artist and the audience. Pop Culture is a trend that many learn about through film, media, music, people, fashion and others. These trends can sometime have a negative effect on the way society may behave or act to certain situations. For instances, many people use stereotypes to judge others or relate their lives to those individuals. In addition, others use heroes whether they are real or imaginary to compare and contrast their way of living. On the other hand, there are other elements of pop culture that make up these special trends. For example, social rituals is another element that allows people to express themselves based on their belief, things such as holidays, voting, and weddings. Lastly, Art is the element of diversity it relates to all subcategories of pop culture, within these categories all elements interact and form other elements.

Exoport and Import of Handicrafts Essays

Exoport and Import of Handicrafts Essays Exoport and Import of Handicrafts Essay Exoport and Import of Handicrafts Essay I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my Economics teacher Ms Swati who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the Policies and Procedures involved in the Export and Import of Handicrafts. It was a great experience to work together in a team and do Research on the actual procedures and documents required for a start.We would also like to thank her for her continuous Support throughout the Creation of this project.Mpingo wood from Tanzania/Mozambique convert it into Handicrafts in Gujarat and Export it to the European Market and The USA. Our main focus is consistent in the customer satisfaction. We have high-quality, on time delivery and competitive price track records with our clients in getting order till order is fulfilled and mainly focus on delivering the order as per the buyer requirements,: We also accept special design orders from our clients to meet any kind of their specific needs. We assure a consistent shi pping of products within a few days of order placement as we have a large labour force and centre located in Gujarat- Kandhla.We work hard to achieve the gamiest level of client satisfaction by continuous up gradation of latest design handicraft items. Our labour Force is a combination of locals from Africa (Makonde Tribe) and India (Labour from Saharanpur). Vision:To be one of the largest Handicraft exporter in India. Expansion Plans:To supple handicrafts in India and Other Asian Markets also. To get in the Manufacturing of Piano, Furniture and Flooring. To get into the market of home accessories. Page | 3 ABOUT THE WOODMpingo is renowned for its beautiful dark coloured heartwood which in the best timber is inky black, but ranges from dark brown to even an indigo-purple tint. It is considered to be the finest of all turnery timbers, cutting most exactly and finishing to a brilliantly polished lustrous surface1. The best quality timber can fetch up to $18,000 per cubic metre. The wo od is also incredibly hard and durable. So hard, in fact, that it blunts axes, and as a result the tree is seldom cut for firewood and is sometimes left standing in fields. It is difficult to saw or plane and cannot be screwed or nailed without first drilling.The Makonde, whose tribal lands straddle the Tanzania-Mozambique border, are particularly renowned for their Mpingo carving. The wood has the ability to survive fire. The carvers have settled in particular in Makonde villages around Dar es Salaam and in the Northern Provinces of Niassa (Mozambique). Carvings are made from an entire piece of the trunk and are therefore limited by the thickness of the trunk. 2 Only the heartwood is used. This is so hard that insects and other vermin cannot attack it. Compared with our own craftsmen, the Tanzanian carver is in the special position that his customers are natives of other parts of the world.He has little direct contact with his public, who make their purchases against the background of a different culture from his. The largest consumers of Mpingo are instrument makers in France, England and Germany and the members of carving co-operatives in Africa, who sell their work world-wide. 3 1 2 (African Blackwood) (Tanzanian Affairs) 3 (African Blackwood Conservation Project) Page | 4 USES OF THE WOOD For making Musical instruments. For making Furniture. For making Handicrafts and toys. PROCESS Firstly the trees are cut down Into Logs. Then the main part that is the Blackwood is drilled out of the log.With the use of drills and other traditional Instruments that the local Africans have been using the Blackwood is carved into suitable shapes as per the market requirements and the special demands of the consumer. For the visuals of the whole Process please refer to the Site: makonde-carvings. info/makonde/carvers. html (Makonde Artists of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania) Page | 5 TANZANIA/MOZAMBIQUE – IMPORTING NATIONS The reason for choosing Tanzania/Mozambique as impor ting Nations for the processed Timber (Blackwood or Mpingo) is that they are one of the largest Exporter for the wood apart from Kenya.In Kenya, Mpingo is considered to be seriously threatened. There is growing concern among instrument manufacturers that the supplies of high quality wood are becoming limited. Although Mpingo is not likely to become biologically extinct, it is at high risk of becoming locally and commercially extinct. Good Relations between the countries *Trade between India and Tanzania amounted in 2009 – 2010, 31 billion dollars, and India is Tanzanias second largest investor. And also the matter of fact of us having contacts there are also a major reason of choosing them as a suitable Nation for Import of the wood.Page | 6 INDIA – MANUFACTURING NATION Choosing India as A manufacturing Nation has many reasons attached to it. India is one of the important suppliers of handicrafts to the world market. The Indian handicrafts industry is highly labour int ensive cottage based industry and decentralized, being spread all over the country in rural and urban areas. There are various Concessions and Schemes available for the Export of Handicrafts. The availability of labour at a much cheaper cost as compared to other Handcrafts Hub. India especially SAHARANPUR has adequate mount of Skilled labour for the Handicraft Production. Our Target Markets US and Europe have a good relation with INDIA. The rising economy and the Increasing trade relations with the European and Asian Nations, will help us expanding our business in future with other Nations and also flooding the Indian Market with our Products. During April-January 201213, the handicraft exports have grown 22 per cent to $ 2. 3 billion compared to the same period last fiscal. This fiscals $3. 3 billion target for the export of handicrafts is likely to be met on account of growing demand.Indian handicraft industry has shown a substantial growth since 1998-99. Indian handicraft exports tapped a 39. 3 percent growth in January 2013 as exports grew from US$ 178 million in January 2012 to US$ 248 million. 4 4 (Handicraft exports meet $3. 3 billion target for 2012-13, Economic Times) Page | 7 THE USA AND EUROPEAN UNION – EXPORTING NATIONS It is clear from the picture above that The USA and Europe have been the biggest importer for Indian Handicrafts. A rise in demand from the US and European markets has pushed Indias handicrafts exports up by around 22 per cent to USD 369 million in August, 2010.Indias handicraft exports for the corresponding month of August, 2009 stood at USD 303 million Commenting on the matter Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH), Chairman Mr Raj Malhotra said, The growth is attributed to Christmas orders, mainly from US and European markets. Further it is worth noting that the US and EU market together account for nearly 70 per cent of the countrys handicraft exports. The export of handicrafts registered a growth of 21. 71 per c ent during the April-August, 2010 period at USD 960 million as compared to the corresponding period a year-ago.Owing to recovery in demand from the US market, India’s handicraft exports surged 13 percent to US$ 256. 8 million in April this year, as against April 2012’s US$ 227. 16 million, Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH) data shows. 5 The amount of festivals celebrated in The USA and Europe are the major reason for targeting that market. Also Handicrafts are considered very Prestigious in the Countries which have led to a huge increase In the Demand. 5 (US-AID Handicrafts Market Demand Analysis) Page | 8 PROCEDURE FOR IMPORT 1. ) Getting Import license a.Applying to the controller of imports for getting necessary permission. b. Attaching the following documents with the form:i. ii. Receipt which shows that import license fee has been paid. Certificate from a Chartered Accountant showing the total value of goods to be imported. iii. Verification Certific ate for income tax. c. An import license may be general or specific. A general license allows imports from any country. But specific license allows imports from specific country only. d. Obtaining import quota certificate from the concerned authority.It mentions the maximum quantity of goods which can be imported. 2. ) Earning of foreign exchange Before placing any order, we have to apply to the Exchange Control Department (ECD) of RBI (Indias Central Bank) for the release of requisite foreign exchange. Forwarding the application through our bank. 3. ) Placing the Order Placing the order in the specific Country for the Raw Material- Mpingo wood. 4. ) Despatching letter of credit After getting the confirmation from the supplier regarding the supply of goods, we will requests the bank to issue a Letter of credit in favour of supplier. . ) Appointing C and F Agents Since we are new in the market, in the initial stages we will appoint Carry and Forward agents to take care of the shipmen t. 6. ) Receipt of shipment device Receiving the Shipment Device from the Exporter and tracking the shipment time to time. Page | 9 7. ) Receipts of documents Our bank will receive all the documents from the exporters bank. The documents include bill of exchange, a copy of bill of lading, certificate of origin, commercial invoice, consular invoice, packing list, and other relevant documents. Make Payment to the Bank. 8. Bill of entry a. This is a document required in case of import of goods. A Bill of Entry is the document testifying the fact that goods of the stated value and description in specified quantity are entering into the country from abroad. b. The customs office supplies this form which is prepared in triplicate. Three different colours are used to prepare bill of entry. One copy is retained by custom department, other is retained by port trust and the third will be kept by us. 9. ) Delivery order The clearing agents obtains the delivery order from the office of the ship ping company.The shipping company gives the delivery order only after payment of freight, if any. 10. ) Clearing of goods a. The clearing agent will pay the necessary dock or port trust dues and obtains the port Trust Receipt in two copies. 6 b. He will then approach the Customs House and presents one copy of Port Trust Receipt, and two copies of Bill of. Entry to the customs authorities. c. The customs officer will endorse the Bill of Entry Forms and one copy of Bill of Entry will be handed back. We will then be liable to pay the customs duty and clears the goods. 10. ) Payment to clearing and forwarding agent We will pay the C and F agent. 1. ) Payment to exporter We will ask the exporter to draw a bill of exchange. We will accept the Bill and make a Payment to the Exporter. 6 (Procedure to import goods in India) Page | 10 PROCEDURES FOR EXPORT 1. ) Receiving an order To get registered with various authorities like RBI, income tax authorities, etc. In addition, appoint agents or d istributors for collection of orders from foreign countries. 2. ) Obtaining License and Quota After obtaining order, we will have to secure export license from the government. For this, we will apply to the Export Trade Control Authority and obtain the valid license. . ) Letter of Credit Demanding for LOC, in case it is not attached with the order. 4. ) Fixing exchange rate Since the exchange rate fluctuates from time to time we will fix the Exchange rate with the Importer before the order is processed so that it doesn’t lead to any chaos. 5. ) Foreign exchange formalities Undergoing certain foreign exchange formalities as laid down under exchange control regulations. According to FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of India) every exporter has to furnish a declaration in the form prescribed for this purpose.The declaration states:a. Foreign exchange earned by way of exports will be disposed in the manner and within the period specified by RBI. b. Negotiations of shipping d ocuments will be through authorised dealers in foreign exchange. c. The payment for goods exported will be collected only through approved method. Page | 11 6. ) Preparation for executing the order Making the necessary arrangements for executing the order. In this respect we will perform the following activities:a. Packing and marking of the goods as per the specifications of the importer. b.Arranging the pre-shipment inspection by the Export Inspection Agency and getting the inspection certificate from it. c. Securing insurance policy from the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) to get protection against the credit risks. d. Obtaining a suitable marine insurance policy, consular invoice and certificate of origin, if required. e. Appointing a forwarding agent for handling the customs and forwarding activities. 7. ) Formalities done by forwarding agent The Forwarding Agent completes the following formalities:a. He obtains the Customs Permit from the Customs Department for expo rting goods. . The Forwarding Agent discloses the details of the goods such as their nature, size, quantity, weight, etc. to the shipping company. c. The Forwarding Agent prepares a Shipping Bill. d. The Forwarding Agent prepares two copies of the dock challans and pays the dock dues. e. The Captain of the ship gets the goods loaded on the ship on the basis of the Shipping Order in the presence of customer officers. f. When the goods are loaded on the ship, the Mate (Vice Captain or the Captain) issues a receipt, called Mates or Captains Receipt. 8. Bill of Landing We will approach the shipping company, presents the Mates Receipt and in exchange receives a document called Bill of Lading. It is an official receipt given by the shipping company as an acknowledgement of the receipt of goods to be transported to the port of destination. It is also a contract for the carriage of goods. It gives full description of goods loaded on the ship, name of the port of destination, etc. Page | 12 9. ) Shipment advice to importer We send Shipment Advice to the importer informing him about the dispatch of the goods.He sends a copy of packing list, commercial invoice and a non-negotiable copy of the Bill of Lading, along with the Advice Note. 10. ) Presentation of documents to the bank We will confirm that we have secured a complete set of the shipping documents namely, the Bill of Lading, Marine Insurance Policy, Certificate of Origin, the Consular Invoice and the Commercial Invoice. Then we will draws a Bill of Exchange on the basis of the commercial invoice. Such a bill may be a D/P (Documents against payment) bill or D/A (Documents against Acceptance) bill.Then we will hand over the documentary bill to our bank. 11. ) Realisation of export proceeds For realisation of export proceeds, we will undergo certain banking formalities and receive the payment in foreign currency by bill of exchange or by bank draft. 7 7 (Procedure to export goods from India) Page | 13 CONCESSIONS AN D EXEMPTIONS There are certain schemes which our company Africa Sanaa is eligible for and which therefore benefit the company as whole and the nation itself by encouraging more exports leading to the betterment of balance of payments.Moreover with such schemes, the handicrafts market specifically in India will finally be able to come out of the decline stage of it and will come back to the market with variety of products with new designs and even leading to multi-city trade which will further in long-term lead to better relations among the countries. The schemes are as follows: 1) EPCG Scheme, FTP (2009-14): has allowed zero duty import of capital goods for handicrafts. India enjoys a comparative advantage and the zero capital goods import facility should go a long way and thus benefit both, the nation and the company itself. ) All handicrafts exports would be treated as special focus products and entitled to higher incentives. In addition to above, 2% bonus benefits under Focus Pro duct Scheme for handicrafts exports and applicable duty drawback on exports of goods are eligible for registered exporters. 3) Registration with the EOU’s: As per the case in June 3rd 2009 â€Å"The handicraft exporters in Moradabad, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Saharanpur and Narsapur are not given fiscal and other benefits as that of EOUs, even though they do business with the outer countries.In this regard, an official from the Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH) said that the handicraft exporters should be considered as EOUs as the handicraft units are totally export oriented, who don’t sell any of their products in the domestic market. †8 Therefore, according to Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14, Our Company would like to get registered under the EOU unit so as to prevent getting HIT by the recession as other companies did in the above listed cities. Getting registered under the EOU will therefore help us penetrate the international market without any t hreats and high costs. (Press Information Bureau, Government of India) Page | 14 This information was given by the Minister of State in the Ministry Of Textiles, Smt. Panabaaka Lakshmi in a written reply in the Lok Sabha. 9 CONTAINER DETAILS Dimensions of a 20ft container 10 Inside dimensions (L x W x H) 20ft Standard Container Door opening (W x H) Max payload Capacity 5895 x 2350 x 2392 mm 2340 x 2292 mm 28230 kgs 33 m? Dimensions of a 20ft container 11 Diameter of 1 Log is 1 FT. Length of 1 LOG is 7FT. Total No of logs that the container can hold = 3*8*8 =192 logs 9 Press Information Bureau, Government of India) (Container Specification) 11 (20 ft Container Size: High Cube and Standard Dry) 10 Page | 15 COST ANALYSIS 7ft = Tshs. 130,000 1ft = Solution 110,000 = Tshs. 15714 7 100ft = Tshs. 1,571,400 In terms of Rs. the exchange value is as follows: 1rs = Tshs. 26. 7 = Tshs. 1,571,400 The value of 100ft Mpingo wood in terms of INR is equivalent to Rs. 58,853. Since we are importin g it for Export we won’t have to pay Custom Duty as per the EPCG scheme. Per foot Raw Material cost- 588. 53 SHIPPING CHARGE for 192 Logs is 750 $ = 45000(approx. ), i. e Per log cost = 234. 75 Rs Labour cost/ft = 210 Rs. Total cost of 192 logs = 790,272 Insurance Charge = 2% of 790,272= 15,805 Rs. TOTAL COST INVOLVED PER FT= 210+234+588+12= 1044rs. Page | 16 Selling Price per FT = 1600 RS (Minimum) Profit Per Ft = 1600-1044= 556 RS. TOTAL FOB VALUE= TOTAL EX FACTORY PRICE+ TOTAL OTHER COSTS Total EX factory Price= Production Cost + Profit 790272+282240+200448 =1,272,960=21,216 $ Other Costs= Shipment Charges =750$ Total FOB value= 21966$ Page | 17 CONCLUSION We would like to conclude that we have created a tri- country trade, in which we will be importing the skilled labour and the raw materials i. e.Mpingo wood from Tanzania or Mozambique, Manufacturing it in India in the form of Handicrafts with the help of African Labour and Labour from Saharanpur near the Kandhla Port so to save the Transportation cost and then Exporting the Finished goods to The USA and Europe. We believe that this is the best Time to capture the Handicraft Market as it is booming at a very faster rate all over the globe and especially The USA and Europe and also the matter of fact that the Indian Govt. is supporting the Handicraft Industry in through various Concessions and Exemptions. Page | 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY 20 ft Container Size: High Cube and Standard Dry. n. d.

History of the Old South essays

History of the Old South essays The area of the nation now referred to as the Old South had several distinguishing features which separated it from the rest of America. These distinctions were present from the earliest points of its history, because the colonies that were to be the foundation for the South were founded not for religious reasons like their northern cousins. They were founded, rather, to further the economic interests of their supporters. The true distinctive nature of the South begins, however, in the year 1787. This is the year the American Constitution was drafted with a number of clauses which were carefully worded due to a number of compromises between northern and southern representatives. Although the distinctive nature of the South was cemented when it collectively bargained to make sure slavery remained protected in the Constitution, the cohesiveness was not cemented until the invention of Eli Whitneys cotton gin and the rise of King Cotton. It was at this point that the South became al most solely focused on the raising of cotton as its cash crop, this is also the point where it was clear that the plantation system was so firmly ingrained into Southern economics that any threat to slavery would have to be addressed with the power of all slave holding states. Prior to the American Revolution, the southern colonies functioned in a different manner than those in the north, but not in a manner which was significant enough for anyone to consider the various British colonies in North America as two separate regions At this time all the colonies were under British rule and any Northerners seeking to end slavery had no real voice in British politics and Southerners never had to worry about the issue as long as their plantations continued to produce valuable crops for the British merchants. This all changed after the war; because of differences in the two regions regarding slavery, each of them began to form groups which sought certain c...